La actividad física y sus beneficios para reducir la depresión en adolescentes entre 14 a 18 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v10i1.3730Palabras clave:
Actividad física, condición física, ejercicio físico, depresión, salud mental, adolescentesResumen
El objetivo principal de este artículo académico consistió en un minucioso análisis de la influencia de la actividad física en la reducción de la depresión en la adolescencia media, en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 18 años. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se siguió rigurosamente el protocolo PRISMA, en el cual se procedió a la selección y revisión crítica de 19 estudios relacionados con la relación entre la actividad física y la depresión en adolescentes. Los resultados obtenidos de los estudios analizados revelaron de manera concluyente que la actividad física se establece como un factor de máxima relevancia en lo que respecta a la salud integral y el bienestar en los adolescentes, con un impacto decididamente positivo en su salud mental. Esta comprobación no solo apunta a la necesidad de promover la actividad física entre los jóvenes de esta franja de edad, sino también resalta su potencial para disminuir y prevenir la depresión en esta etapa crucial del desarrollo humano.
Citas
ANMM. (2017). Depresión en adolescentes: diagnóstico y tratamiento. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México), 60(5), 52-55.
Berki, T. & Pikó, B. (2021). Sedentary Lifestyle May Contribute to the Risk of Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Snapshot of Hungarian Adolescents. European Journal of Mental Health, 16(2), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.5708/EJMH.16.2021.2.5
Eime, R., Young, J., Harvey, J., Charity, M. & Payne, W. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 10(98). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
Furtado, A., Sá, J., Andrade, G., Giacon-Arruda, B., Bomfim, R., Silva, D. & Teston, E. (2023). Factors associated with physical activity levels in adolescents. Texto Contexto Enferm, 32. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2022-0244en
González-Hernández, J. y Ato-Gil, N. (2019). Relación de los rasgos de personalidad y la actividad física con la depresión en adolescentes. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 6(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.21134/rpcna.2019.06.1.4
He, J. & Qiu, L. (2022). Gender and Age Association with Physical Activity and Mood States of Children and Adolescents in Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 14(22), 15187. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215187
Heyman, E., Gamelin, F., Goekint, M., Piscitelli, F., Roelands, B., Leclair E, di Marzo, V. & Meeusen, R. (2012). Intense exercise increases circulating endocannabinoid and BDNF levels in humans?possible implications for reward and depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(6), 844–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.017
Hrafnkelsdottir, S., Brychta, R., Rognvaldsdottir, V., Gestsdottir, S., Chen, K., Johannsson, E., Guðmundsdottir, S. & Arngrimsson, S. (2018). Less screen time and more frequent vigorous physical activity is associated with lower risk of reporting negative mental health symptoms among Icelandic adolescents. PLoS ONE, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196286
Lang, U. & Borgwardt, S. (2013). Molecular Mechanisms of Depression: Perspectives on New Treatment Strategies. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 3(6), 761–777. https://doi.org/10.1159/000350094
Lema-Gómez, L., Arango-Paternina, C., Eusse-López, C., Petro, J., Petro-Petro, J., López-Sánchez, M., Watts-Fernández, W. & Perea-Velásquez, F. (2021). Family aspects, physical fitness, and physical activity associated with mental-health indicators in adolescents. BMC Public Health, 21(2324). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12403-2
Mahfouz, M., Alqassim, A., Sobaikhi, N., Jathmi, A., Alsadi, F., Alqahtani, M., Shajri, M., Sabi, I., Wafi, A. & Sinclair, J. (2023) Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Quality of Life among School Students in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey When Returning to School after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare, 11(7), 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11070974
Marques, A., Mota, J., Gaspar, T., & de Matos, M. (2017). Associations between self-reported fitness and self-rated health, life-satisfaction and health-related quality of life among adolescents. J. Exerc. Sci. Fitness 15(1), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2017.03.001
McMahon, E., Corcoran, P., O’Regan, G., Keeley, H., Cannon, M., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Hadlaczky, G., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., & Balazs, J. (2017). Physical activity in European adolescents and associations with anxiety, depression and well-being. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 26(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-016-0875-9
Moitra, P. & Madan, J. (2022). Impact of screen time during COVID-19 on eating habits, physical activity, sleep, and depression symptoms: A cross-sectional study in Indian adolescents. PLoS ONE 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264951
Murphy, J., McGrane, B. & Sweeney, M. (2021). Physical Activity, Mental Health and Wellbeing of Irish Adolescents During Covid-19 Restrictions. A Re-Issue of the Physical Activity and Wellbeing Study (PAWS). Physical Activity and Health, 5(1), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.5334/paah.127
Murphy, J., Sweeney, M. & McGrane, B. (2020). Physical Activity and Sports Participation in Irish Adolescents and Associations with Anxiety, Depression and Mental Wellbeing. Findings from the Physical Activity and Wellbeing (Paws) Study. Physical Activity and Health, 4(1), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.5334/paah.58
NIH. (2020). Los antidepresivos más recetados y cómo actúan. https://magazine.medlineplus.gov/es/art%C3%ADculo/los-antidepresivos-mas-recetados-y-como-actuan
OMS. (2022a). La pandemia de COVID-19 desencadena un aumento del 25 % en la prevalencia de la ansiedad y la depresión en todo el mundo. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
OMS. (2022b). Actividad Física. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity#:~:text=La%20actividad%20f%C3%ADsica%20hace%20referencia,como%20intensa%2C%20mejora%20la%20salud.
OMS. (2023). Depresión. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
Philippot, A. Dubois, V., Lambrechts, K., Grogna, D. Robert, A., Jonckheer, U., Chakib, W., Beine, A., Bleyenheuft, Y. & De Volder, A. (2022). Impact of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in adolescent inpatients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 301, 145-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.011
Rothon, C., Edwards, P., Bhui, K., Viner., R., Taylor, S. & Stansfeld, S. (2010). Physical activity and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a prospective study. BMC MED, 8(32). https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7015-8-32
Shi, C., Yan, J., Wang, L. & Shen, H. (2022). Exploring the self-reported physical fitness and self-rated health, mental health disorders, and body satisfaction among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Front. Psychol., 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003231
Vallejo, A. y Polanco, K. (2019). Depresión, Ansiedad y Actividad Física en Escolares: Estudio Comparado. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica, 3(52), 143-155. https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP52.3.11
Velazquez, B., Petresco, S., Pereira, R., Buchweitz, C., Manfro, P., Caye, A., Fisher, H., Kohrt, B., Mondelli, V. & Kieling, C. (2022). Physical activity and depressive symptoms among adolescents in a school-based sample. Braz J Psychiatry, 44(3), 312-316. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2235
Villegas, F. (2010). Ejercicio y depresión. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 39 (4), 732-748.
Wipfli, B., Rethorst, C. & Landers, D. (2008). The anxiolytic effects of exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized trials and dose–response analysis. J. Sport Exerc. Psy, 30(4), 392–410. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.30.4.392
Wright, L., Williams, S. & Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. (2021). Physical Activity Protects Against the Negative Impact of Coronavirus Fear on Adolescent Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front. Psychol., 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580511
Xian, M., Liu, Y., Yamamoto, S., Mizoue, T. & Kuwahara, K. (2022). Association of Changes of lifestyle behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with mental health: a longitudinal study in children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act., 19(92). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01327-8
Xu, H., Luo, X., Shen, Y. & Jin, X. (2023). Emotional abuse and depressive symptoms among the adolescents: the mediation effect of social anxiety and the moderation effect of physical activity. Front. Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138813
Yong-Sook, E. & Myo-Sung, K. (2023). Changes in Physical Activity and Depression among Korean Adolescents Due to COVID-19: Using Data from the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Healthcare, 11(4), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040517
Zhang, X., Jiang, C., Zhang, X. & Chi, X. (2022). Muscle-strengthening exercise and positive mental health in children and adolescents: An urban survey study. Front. Psychol., 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933877
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Estefanía Rosario Gutiérrez Haro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Authors retain copyright and guarantee the Journal the right to be the first publication of the work. These are covered by a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work authorship and the initial publication in this journal.
